BP

BP (formerly "British Petroleum" and briefly known as "BP Amoco") LSE: BP, NYSE: BP is a petroleum company headquartered in London, and one of the top four oil companies in the world (along with Shell, ExxonMobil, and Total).

In December 1998, BP merged with the American Oil Company (Amoco), forming "BP Amoco". However, this move was widely viewed as a purchase of Amoco by BP, only officially described as a merger for legal reasons. Indeed, after a single year of joint operations, the two giants merged most operations and "Amoco" was dropped from the name. The newly-renamed "BP" became an initialism no longer standing for "British Petroleum", and used the tagline "Beyond Petroleum" in advertising campaigns (this perhaps to disguise the company's foreign ownership after its extensive acquisitions and increased presence in the United States, as British Aerospace became "BAE Systems" for similar reasons). Its BP Solar division has become a world-leading producer of solar panels.

BP is the leading partner in the controversial Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline.

History

1909 - 1955
In May 1901, William Knox D'Arcy was granted a concession by the Shah of Persia to search for oil, which he found in May 1908. This was the first commercially significant find in the Middle East. In 1909, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company was created to exploit this find. The company grew slowly until World War I when its strategic importance led the British Government to acquire a controlling interest in the company and it became the Royal Navy's chief source of fuel oil during World War I.

In 1917, the war allowed it to take the British arm of the German Europäische Union, which used the trade name British Petroleum. After the war ended the company, in which the British Government now had a 51% interest, moved to secure outlets in Europe and elsewhere. but its main concern was still Persia, following the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919 the company continued to trade profitably in that country.

In 1931, partly in response to the difficult economic conditions of the times, BP merged their marketing operations in the United Kingdom (only) with those of Shell-Mex Ltd to create Shell-Mex and BP Ltd a company that continued to trade until the Shell and BP brands separated again in 1975.

There was growing dissent within Persia however at the imperialist and unfair position that APOC occupied. In 1932, the Shah terminated the APOC concession. The concession was resettled within a year, covering a reduced area with an increase in the Persian government's share of profits. Persia was renamed Iran in 1936 and APOC became AIOC, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.

Following the turmoil of World War II, AIOC and the Iranian government resisted nationalist pressure to come to a renewed deal in 1949. In March 1951, the pro-western Prime Minister Ali Razmara was assassinated and in April, a bill was passed nationalising the oil industry and the AIOC and the Shah were forced to leave the country.

The AIOC took its case against the nationalisation to the International Court of Justice at The Hague, but lost the case. However the governments of Britain and the US were concerned about the encroachment of Soviet influence in the area and assisted in a plot against the Iranian administration. They installed pro-Western General Fazlollah Zahedi as prime minister of Iran.

On August 19, 1953, the incumbent Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadeq, was forced from office and replaced by Zahedi and the Shah was recalled. The AIOC became The British Petroleum Company in 1954, and briefly resumed operations in Iran with a forty per cent share in an new international consortium. BP continued to operate in Iran until the Islamic Revolution. However, due to a large investment programme outside Iran, the company survived the loss of its Iranian interests at that time.

1960s and 1970s

The BP logo used from 1989 to 2002.From the late 1960s the company looked beyond the Middle East to the USA (Prudhoe Bay, Alaska) and the North Sea. Both of these fields came on stream in the mid-1970s transforming the company and allowing BP to weather the OPEC-induced oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979. In 1969, BP acquired the Valdez oil terminal, Alaska, from the Chugach for $1. Some natives contend that this was an illegal transfer.

In the mid-1970s, BP acquired Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio.

1980s and 1990s

BP filling stationP.I. Walters (later Sir Peter Walters) was BP's chairman from 1981 to 1990. Walters promoted a movement to deintegrate company operations based solely upon economic considerations: "For me, there is no strategy that is divorced from profitability," he once remarked. Under his chairmanship British Petroleum led the oil industry away from an era dominated by vertical integration and the supply planning this required toward a corporate culture that emphasised trading and decentralisation (Daniel Yergin, The Prize [Simon & Schuster, 1991], pp. 722-23).

In 1987, British Petroleum acquired Britoil and those shares of Standard Oil of Ohio (Sohio) not already owned. In 1994, BP and Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) began marketing Orimulsion®, a bitumen-based fuel. John Browne, Lord Browne of Madingley, who had been on the board as managing director since 1991, was appointed group chief executive in 1995.

Present

Chief Scientist of BP, Steven Koonin (top right, with computer), speaks about the energy scene in the boardroom in 2005.British Petroleum merged with Amoco (Formerly Standard Oil of Indiana), in December 1998, becoming BPAmoco until 2002, when it was renamed BP, with no meaning given to the letters. Most Amoco gas stations in the United States are in the process of changing the look and name to BP. However in some states, BP is selling Amoco-branded gasoline (while the name of the station itself is BP). In 2000, British Petroleum also acquired Arco (Atlantic Richfield Co.) and Burmah Castrol plc.

On March 23, 2005, an explosion occurred at a petroleum refinery in Texas City, Texas, that belonged to BP. It is the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in the world, processing 433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that nation's gasoline supply. Over 100 were injured, and 15 were confirmed dead, including employees of the Fluor Corporation as well as BP. BP has since accepted that its employees contributed to the accident by leaving octane for petrol unit unsupervised. The pressure in the units then reached unsustainable levels leading to the explosion. [1]

BP America, the United States arm of BP, was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine.

Image

Solar panel made by BP SolarIn 2002 the company was renamed BP, with no meaning given to the letters. Its new slogan, "Beyond Petroleum", was accompanied by the rebranding of its famous "Green Shield" logo in favour of the helios symbol (a green and yellow sunburst) to emphasise the company's focus on environmentally friendly fuels and alternative energy. This is intended to move BP away from the negative environmental image of most oil companies.

BP is a leading producer of solar panels since its purchase of Lucas Energy Systems in 1980 and Solarex (as part of its acquisition of Amoco) in 2000. BP Solar had a 20% world market share in photovoltaic panels in 2004 when it had a capacity to produce 90 MW/year of panels. It has over 30 years experience operating in over 160 countries with manufacturing facilities in the U.S., Spain, India and Australia and has more than 2000 employees worldwide.

In February 2002 BP's chief executive, Lord Browne, renounced the practice of corporate campaign contributions, noting: "That's why we've decided, as a global policy, that from now on we will make no political contributions from corporate funds anywhere in the world." [2]

In March 2002 BP's chief executive, Lord Browne, declared in a speech that global warming was real and that urgent action was needed, saying that "Companies composed of highly skilled and trained people can't live in denial of mounting evidence gathered by hundreds of the most reputable scientists in the world.".[3] In 2005 BP was considering testing carbon sequestration in one of its North Sea oil fields, by pumping carbon dioxide into them (and thereby also increasing yields).[4]

In 2004, BP began marketing low-sulphur diesel fuel for industrial use. BP is committed to creating a network of hydrogen fuelling station in the state of California.

However, BP's image has been tarnished somewhat by its involvement with the controversial Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, criticised for human rights abuses, environmental and safety concerns.

BP ( formerly "British Petroleum" and briefly bp known as "BP Amoco") LSE: BP, NYSE: BP is a petroleum company pictures headquartered in London, bp and one of the top four oil companies in the world (bps along with Shell, ExxonMobil, and Total).

In December 1998, BP merged with the American Oil Company (Amoco), forming company "BP Amoco". However, this move was widely viewed as a purchase of Amoco by BP, amoco only officially described as a merger for furniture legal reasons. bp Indeed, after a single year of joint b operations, the two giants merged most operations and texas "Amoco" was dropped explosion from the name. The newly-renamed "BP" became an initialism bp no longer standing for "British platform Petroleum", and used the tagline "Beyond Petroleum" in bp advertising campaigns (this perhaps to
disguise battteries the company's foreign ownership after its extensive acquisitions and increased presence in the United level States, as British Aerospace became "BAE Systems" for similar reasons). Its
BP Solar division has become a world-leading producer my of solar panels.

bp BP is the leading partner in the controversial Baku-Tbilisi-
Ceyhan pipeline.

bp motor club

History

1909 - 1955
In May 1901, William Knox D'Arcy was granted a concession by cards
the Shah of Persia to search explosion for oil,
which he found in bp May 1908.
This
was the first commercially
significant find in the Middle bp East. In 1909, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company was created
to bp exploit this find. The company grew slowly until World War I when its strategic amoco importance landing led the British Government to acquire a controlling interest in the company and it became the Royal Navy's chief bp
source of fuel oil during World War card I.

In 1917, the war procare allowed it store bp to take the British arm of the German Europäische bp Union, which used the trade name visa British Petroleum. After the war ended the company, in which the British Government now had a 51% interest, moved to secure outlets in Europe bp and elsewhere. but its main concern was still refinery Persia, following the Anglo-Persian Agreement of bp 1919 the company continued to trade profitably in that country.

There was growing dissent
within Persia however at the imperialist and unfair position that APOC occupied. In 1932, the bp Shah yorktown terminated the APOC concession. The concession was resettled within a year, covering course a reduced area baud chemicals with an increase flag in the competence Persian government's share of profits. Persia was renamed Iran in 1936 and APOC became AIOC, the Anglo-Iranian bp
Oil
Company.

Following the turmoil card of World War II, AIOC and the gel Iranian government resisted nationalist pressure to come backgrounds to a renewed deal in 1949. In March 1951, the pro-western bp Prime Minister Ali bp Razmara was assassinated and in April, a bill was passed nationalising the oil industry texas and amoco the AIOC and
the petrol Shah were sony forced to leave the country.

The AIOC took its case against the nationalisation to the card International Court explosion of Justice at The Hague, but lost oil the case. However the governments of Britain and the US gas credit realty were concerned about the encroachment of Soviet influence in the area and assisted in gas a plot against the Iranian administration. They installed pro-Western General Fazlollah a Zahedi as prime minister of Iran.

On August 19, bp 1953, the incumbent Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadeq, was forced from office locations and replaced by Zahedi and the Shah was recalled. The AIOC became The British Petroleum Company in 1954, and briefly resumed operations in Iran with a forty per cent share in
an new international consortium. BP continued to operate in Iran until the Islamic Revolution. However, due
to johns a large investment programme outside Iran, the company survived amaco the loss of its Iranian interests at that time.

1960s and 1970s

bp The BP logo used from bp 1989 to 2002. From the late 1960s the
company looked beyond the Middle East petroleum to the USA (
Prudhoe daily Bay, Alaska) and the North Sea. Both of these fields came nj on bp stream in the mid-1970s club transforming the company and allowing BP to
weather the OPEC-induced oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979. In 1969, BP acquired the Valdez oil terminal, Alaska, from the Chugach for $1. Some natives contend that bp
bp this bps was an illegal transfer.

In the mid-1970s, BP acquired Standard Oil of Ohio terrorist or Sohio.

1980s and

1990s

BP filling stationP.I. Walters (later Sir Peter Walters) was BP's chairman from 1981 to 1990. Walters promoted a movement petroceltic to deintegrate company operations based solely upon economic considerations: "For me, there is no strategy that is divorced from profitability," he once remarked. Under his chairmanship
British Petroleum led the oil industry away from an
era dominated by vertical integration and the supply planning this required bp toward a corporate culture that emphasised vs trading and station bp decentralisation (Daniel Yergin, The Prize
bp [Simon & Schuster, 1991], pp.
722- 23).

In 1987, British Petroleum acquired Britoil and those shares crown of Standard
Oil of Ohio ( Sohio) not already owned. In 1994, BP and Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) began marketing
Orimulsion®, a bitumen-based
fuel. John Browne, Lord bp Browne of Madingley, locations station who had been on the credit board as bp managing director since 1991, was bp appointed group chief executive in 1995.

Present

Chief Scientist of BP, Steven Koonin (top right, with bp computer), speaks about bp
the energy scene in the boardroom in 2005.bp British Petroleum merged with Amoco (Formerly Standard Oil of Indiana), in December 1998, becoming BPAmoco until 2002, when it was renamed BP, with no meaning given to the letters. Most Amoco gas stations in the United States are in city the process of changing the look bp and name to BP. pay However in some states, BP is selling Amoco-branded gasoline (while the name of the station itself is BP). In 2000, British Petroleum also acquired Arco (Atlantic Richfield Co.) and canada Burmah Castrol plc.

On March thunderhorse 23, 2005, an explosion occurred t23 spyware at a petroleum refinery in Texas City, Texas, that church belonged to BP. It
is the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in australia the world, processing
433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that bay nation's gasoline
supply. Over 100 were bp bp injured, and remover 15 were confirmed dead, including employees of the Fluor Corporation bp as well as
BP. trust BP has since accepted that its employees contributed to bp the accident shingles by leaving
octane for bp petrol unit safety unsupervised. The pressure in the units then reached unsustainable monitors levels leading to the explosion. [1]

BP America, bps the United States arm of BP, was named one of online the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine.

Image

Solar panel made by BP SolarIn 2002
the company was
renamed BP, with no meaning given to the letters. Its new slogan, "Beyond Petroleum", was accompanied by the rebranding of its famous "Green Shield" logo in favour of the bp helios stations
symbol (a green and yellow sunburst)
to emphasise the motor company's focus on environmentally friendly fuels and alternative energy. This is intended to move BP bombers away from the negative environmental image of most oil companies.

BP is a leading prudhoe producer of solar panels since its purchase of Lucas Energy Systems in 1980 and Solarex (
as part of its

acquisition
of Amoco) in bps 2000. BP Solar had a 20%
world market share bp in photovoltaic panels in 2004 when it had a capacity to produce 90 MW/year violations of panels. It has over 30 50/250 years experience operating corporation in over 160 countries with manufacturing
facilities in the U.S., Spain, India and
Australia and has bp more than 2000 employees worldwide.

In February 2002 BP's chief executive, Lord Browne, renounced the practice of corporate account campaign contributions, noting: "That's why we've decided, as
a global bp policy, that from now on we will make no political contributions from grace corporate funds of anywhere in the world." [2]

In
March 2002 BP's chief executive, Lord Browne, declared in a speech that global warming course was real and bp that urgent action was atlantis needed, saying gas that "Companies composed of highly skilled and trained people can't live in denial of mounting evidence gathered by hundreds of the most reputable scientists in thunderhorse the world.".petrol [3] In 2005 BP was considering testing carbon girls certificates sequestration in one of its North Sea oil fields, by pumping carbon dioxide jobs into them (and thereby also increasing yields).bp [4]

In 2004, BP began marketing low-sulphur diesel fuel for industrial use. BP is committed to creating a network of hydrogen 5734 fuelling station in the state of California.

However, BP's
image has been tarnished somewhat by its involvement with the bp controversial Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, criticised for online human credit rights abuses, environmental and cards safety level concerns.

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